ORAL HEALTH EDUCATION & HEALTH PROMOTION

ORAL HEALTH EDUCATION & HEALTH PROMOTION



 INTRODUCTION:-
The word education is derived from the Latin word “Educare”.
Health education is an active learning process which aims at favorably charging attitudes and influencing behavior with reflect to health practices.

 DEFINATION:- (WHO)
Health education is process that informs, motivates and helps people to adopt and maintain healthy practices and life styles advocates environmental changes as needed to facilitate this goal and conducts professional training and research to same end.

 OBJECTIVE:-
Informing people (Cognitive objective)
Motivating people (Affective objective)
Guiding into action (Behavioral objective)

 APPROCHES TO ACHIEVE HEALTH:-
• Legal / Regulatory approach : - This is the form of approach that makes use of the law to protect the health at the public. The government makes laws and regulations.
• Administrative or service approach:- this form of approach intends to provide all the health facilities to the people with the hope that they will use it.
• Educational Approach :- The components of this approach are motivation. Communication and decision making. The result obtained from this approach may be slow but they are permanent and enduring.
• Primary health care approach :- this is based on the principles of primary health care i.e. community participates


 MODELS OF HEALTH EDUCATION :-
• Medical Model- Treatment of device.
• Motivation model.
• Social intervention model.

 PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH EDUCATION :-
• Credibility - it is the degree to which the message is perceived as trustworthy the receiver.
• Interest - if the health education topic is of interest to people,they will listen to it
• Participation - the health educator should encourage people to participate in the program.
• Motivation - Can is defined as the fundamental desire for learning in an individual.
• Comprehension - it refers to the level of understanding of the people who receive the health education.
• Reinforcement - this is the principle that refers to the repetition needed in health education.
• Learning by doing - if the learning process is accompanied by doing the new things. It is better instilled in the minds of the people.
• Know to Unknown- the existing knowledge of the people can be used as the basic step upon which new knowledge can be placed.
• Setting an example - Educator should set an example for other people for follow.
• Good human relations - Educator should have good personal qualities and should be able to maintain friendly relegations with people.
• Feedback - it is necessary to collect a feedback.
• Community leaders - commenting leaders can be used to reach the people of the community.

 CONTENTS OF HEALTH EDUCATION:-
• Human biology
• Nutrition
• Hygiene
• Family health care
• Control of communicable & non communicable diseases
• Prevention of accidents.
• Use of health services.

 STAGES IN THE ADOPTION OF NEW IDEAS AND PRACTICES
• Stages of Unawareness.
• Stage of awareness.
• Stage of interest.
• Stage of Evaluation.
• Stage of Trial
• Stage of Adoption.

 HEALTH EDUCATION & PROPAGANDA :-
Propaganda is merely as publicity campaign aimed at presenting a particular thing. In favorable light in such a way that the public may accept it without thinking about analytically.

 COMMUNICATIONS :-
Health communication is defined as a key strategy to inform the public about health concerns and to maintain important health issues on the public agenda.

I. COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATION:-
• Sender :-
He is the originator of the message.
His ejectives should be clearly defined.

• Receiver :-
The audience may be a single person or a group

• Message :-
It is information transmitted by the communicator to the recipient.

• Channels of communication :-
It is media used for communication. The media selected should be capable of making the communication effective.

• Feedback:-
It is the flow of information from the audience to the sender.

II. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION :-
• One way and two way communication.
• Verbal and non-verbal.
• Formal & informal.

III. BARRIERS IN COMMUNICATION :-
• Psychological- in this emotional disturbance, depression, neurosis can cause psychological barrier.
• Physiological barriers- Difficulties in hearing, seeing, understanding.
• Environment Barriers- Excessive noise ,difficulties in vision congestion.
• Cultural Barriers- Like patterns of behavior, habits, customs.

 EDUCATIONAL AIDS USED IN HEALTH EDUCATION :-
• Auditory aids - Based on the principles of sound, electricity and magnetism. E.g. megaphone, radios, tape recorder.
• Visual Aids - Based on principles of projection, visualization helps individuals to understand better. E.g. cinemas, film slides video, non-projected-blackboard, pictures, charts, posters.
• Combination of audio Visual Aids- in this sound & sight can be combined to create better presentation e.g. T.V., cinema, multimedia computers.



 METHODS OF HEALTH EDUCATIONS:-
I. Individual Approach : - when an individual comes to the dental clinic or health centre.
Advantages: - Two way communication – dentist consolation room
II. Group Approach : - Group education in an effective way of educating the community.
• Chalk & Talk (Lectures)- a lecture is defined as a carefully prepared oral presentation of facts organized thoughts and ideas by a qualified person.
• Symposium- a serious of speeches on a selected topic there no discussion among speakers
• Group Discussion
• Panel Discussion
• Workshop
• Conference
• Role playing/socio drama
• Demonstrations

III. Mass Approach :- Health education for a large community large number of people can be reached. I.e. various mass media, TV, radio, News papers, posters, internet etc.

 HEALTH PROMOTION:-
Health promotions the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health.

The five priority action areas for health promotion.
• Building healthy public policy.
• Creating supportive environment for health.
• Strengthening community action for health.
• Developing person skill
• Re-orienting health services.

APPROACH TO HEALTH PROMOTIONS
• Preventive aims in reduction of disease level.
• Behavior charge- The approach aim, to encourage individual to take responsibility to their health.
• Educational- use range of methods to help individually make informed about their health.
• Empowerment:- this help people in identifying their own concerns and priorities.
• Social change- this approach aim to change the physical social and economic environment.











ORAL HEALTH EDUCATION
&
HEALTH PROMOTION